Tubulin beta-4B chain

Function

Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.

Classification

Family (Pfam)

PF00091 Tubulin, PF03953 Tubulin_C

InterPro

Beta-tubulin_BS, Beta_tubulin, Tub_FtsZ_C, Tubulin, Tubulin/FtsZ-like_C, Tubulin/FtsZ_2-layer-sand-dom, Tubulin/FtsZ_GTPase_sf, Tubulin_C, Tubulin_CS, Tubulin_FtsZ_GTPase

Functional cluster

Tubulins & Mitochondrial Metabolic Enzymes

Experimental structures · PDB · 4

• 7UN1 EM 6.00A
• 7UNG EM 3.60A
• 8J07 EM 4.10A
• 8SH7 EM 2.80A

A predicted model is available from AlphaFold.

Gene Ontology · 24

• GO:0005879 axonemal microtubule
• GO:0035578 azurophil granule lumen
• GO:0005737 cytoplasm
• GO:0005856 cytoskeleton
• GO:0005829 cytosol
• GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
• GO:0005576 extracellular region
• GO:1903561 extracellular vesicle
• GO:0045171 intercellular bridge
• GO:0005874 microtubule
• GO:0072686 mitotic spindle
• GO:0005634 nucleus
• GO:0036126 sperm flagellum
• GO:0003725 double-stranded RNA binding
• GO:0005525 GTP binding
• GO:0003924 GTPase activity
• GO:0046872 metal ion binding
• GO:0042288 MHC class I protein binding
• GO:0005200 structural constituent of cytoskeleton
• GO:0051082 unfolded protein binding
• GO:0030317 flagellated sperm motility
• GO:0000226 microtubule cytoskeleton organization
• GO:0000278 mitotic cell cycle
• GO:0042267 natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

Disease associations

• Leber congenital amaurosis with early-onset deafness MONDO:0060650

Drugs targeting this protein · 36

• COLCHICINE inhibitor
• ANG1005 inhibitor
• PLINABULIN inhibitor
• CABAZITAXEL inhibitor
• IXABEPILONE inhibitor
• ERIBULIN MESYLATE inhibitor
• ABT-751 inhibitor
• DAVUNETIDE stabiliser
• CROLIBULIN inhibitor
• VINFLUNINE DITARTRATE inhibitor
• FOSBRETABULIN TROMETHAMINE disrupting agent
• MILATAXEL inhibitor
• VINFLUNINE inhibitor
• TASIDOTIN inhibitor
• SAGOPILONE stabiliser
• FOSBRETABULIN DISODIUM inhibitor
• DOCETAXEL inhibitor
• VINBLASTINE SULFATE inhibitor
• DOLASTATIN-10 inhibitor
• SOBLIDOTIN inhibitor
• LAROTAXEL stabiliser
• PACLITAXEL inhibitor
• BMS-275183 stabiliser
• KOS-1584 stabiliser
• T-900607 disrupting agent
• PACLITAXEL DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID stabiliser
• PLOCABULIN inhibitor
• VERUBULIN disrupting agent
• INDIBULIN inhibitor
• VINCRISTINE SULFATE inhibitor
• VINORELBINE TARTRATE inhibitor
• LEXIBULIN inhibitor
• OMBRABULIN inhibitor
• DOCETAXEL ANHYDROUS stabiliser
• PATUPILONE stabiliser
• EPOTHILONE D stabiliser

Related proteins · sequence + function similarity

• Tubulin beta-4B chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-4B chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-4B chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-4 chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-4A chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-4A chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-4A chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-4A chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-5 chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-3 chain 1.00

Co-cited proteins · studied together in the literature

• Tubulin beta-4B chain 1 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-6 chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-1 chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-2A chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-4A chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-2B chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin beta 8B 2 shared papers
• Tubulin beta chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-3 chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-8 chain 2 shared papers
• Tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL7 1 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-3 chain 1 shared papers

Literature · 14 cited papers

• SPACA9 is a lumenal protein of human ciliary singlet and doublet microtubules. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. · 2022
• Mutations in TUBB4B cause a distinctive sensorineural disease. Am. J. Hum. Genet. · 2017
• Graded control of microtubule severing by tubulin glutamylation. Cell · 2016
• N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome. Proteomics · 2015
• Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome. J. Proteome Res. · 2013
• Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst. Biol. · 2011
• Tumoral and tissue-specific expression of the major human beta-tubulin isotypes. Cytoskeleton · 2010
• Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science · 2009
• Evolutionary divergence of enzymatic mechanisms for posttranslational polyglycylation. Cell · 2009
• Microtubule regulation in mitosis: tubulin phosphorylation by the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. Mol. Biol. Cell · 2006
• The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. · 2004
• DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. Nature · 2004
• … and 2 more in the literature graph