Tubulin beta chain

Function

Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.

Classification

Family (Pfam)

PF00091 Tubulin, PF03953 Tubulin_C

InterPro

Beta-tubulin_BS, Beta_tubulin, Tub_FtsZ_C, Tubulin, Tubulin/FtsZ-like_C, Tubulin/FtsZ_2-layer-sand-dom, Tubulin/FtsZ_GTPase_sf, Tubulin_C, Tubulin_CS, Tubulin_FtsZ_GTPase

Functional cluster

Tubulins & Mitochondrial Metabolic Enzymes

Experimental structures · PDB · 19

• 3QNZ X-ray 2.20A
• 3QO0 X-ray 2.30A
• 5N5N EM 4.00A
• 6I2I EM 3.60A
• 6QUS EM 3.70A
• 6QUY EM 3.80A
• 6QVE EM 3.70A
• 6QVJ EM 3.80A
• 7TRG EM 3.00A
• 7TTN EM 3.30A
• 7TTT EM 2.90A
• 7TUB EM 3.60A
• … and 7 more

A predicted model is available from AlphaFold.

Gene Ontology · 38

• GO:0035578 azurophil granule lumen
• GO:0044297 cell body
• GO:0097542 ciliary tip
• GO:0005929 cilium
• GO:0005737 cytoplasm
• GO:0036464 cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule
• GO:0005856 cytoskeleton
• GO:0005829 cytosol
• GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
• GO:0005576 extracellular region
• GO:0045171 intercellular bridge
• GO:0045121 membrane raft
• GO:0005874 microtubule
• GO:0015630 microtubule cytoskeleton
• GO:0072686 mitotic spindle
• GO:0005641 nuclear envelope lumen
• GO:0005634 nucleus
• GO:0032991 protein-containing complex
• GO:0097229 sperm end piece
• GO:0097228 sperm principal piece
• GO:0005525 GTP binding
• GO:0032794 GTPase activating protein binding
• GO:0003924 GTPase activity
• GO:0046872 metal ion binding
• GO:0042288 MHC class I protein binding
• GO:0019904 protein domain specific binding
• GO:0044877 protein-containing complex binding
• GO:0005200 structural constituent of cytoskeleton
• GO:0005198 structural molecule activity
• GO:0031625 ubiquitin protein ligase binding
• GO:0051301 cell division
• GO:0030705 cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport
• GO:0000226 microtubule cytoskeleton organization
• GO:0007017 microtubule-based process
• GO:0000278 mitotic cell cycle
• GO:0042267 natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
• GO:0071895 odontoblast differentiation
• GO:0050807 regulation of synapse organization

Disease associations

• multiple benign circumferential skin creases on limbs 1 MONDO:0020738
• complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 6 MONDO:0014341

Drugs targeting this protein · 36

• COLCHICINE inhibitor
• ANG1005 inhibitor
• PLINABULIN inhibitor
• CABAZITAXEL inhibitor
• IXABEPILONE inhibitor
• ERIBULIN MESYLATE inhibitor
• ABT-751 inhibitor
• DAVUNETIDE stabiliser
• CROLIBULIN inhibitor
• VINFLUNINE DITARTRATE inhibitor
• FOSBRETABULIN TROMETHAMINE disrupting agent
• MILATAXEL inhibitor
• VINFLUNINE inhibitor
• TASIDOTIN inhibitor
• SAGOPILONE stabiliser
• FOSBRETABULIN DISODIUM inhibitor
• DOCETAXEL inhibitor
• VINBLASTINE SULFATE inhibitor
• DOLASTATIN-10 inhibitor
• SOBLIDOTIN inhibitor
• LAROTAXEL stabiliser
• PACLITAXEL inhibitor
• BMS-275183 stabiliser
• KOS-1584 stabiliser
• T-900607 disrupting agent
• PACLITAXEL DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID stabiliser
• PLOCABULIN inhibitor
• VERUBULIN disrupting agent
• INDIBULIN inhibitor
• VINCRISTINE SULFATE inhibitor
• VINORELBINE TARTRATE inhibitor
• LEXIBULIN inhibitor
• OMBRABULIN inhibitor
• DOCETAXEL ANHYDROUS stabiliser
• PATUPILONE stabiliser
• EPOTHILONE D stabiliser

Related proteins · sequence + function similarity

• Tubulin beta chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-7 chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-5 chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-5 chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-5 chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-4B chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-4 chain 1.00

Co-cited proteins · studied together in the literature

• Tubulin beta chain 1 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-5 chain 4 shared papers
• Tubulin tyrosine ligase 3 1 shared papers
• Tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL7 2 shared papers
• Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 5 1 shared papers
• Tubulin alpha-1A chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin alpha-1B chain 3 shared papers
• Microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member 2 1 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-6 chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-1 chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-2A chain 3 shared papers
• Protein monoglycylase TTLL8 1 shared papers

Literature · 21 cited papers

• Structural basis for polyglutamate chain initiation and elongation by TTLL family enzymes. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. · 2020
• TTC5 mediates autoregulation of tubulin via mRNA degradation. Science · 2020
• Crystal structure of tubulin tyrosine ligase-like 3 reveals essential architectural elements unique to tubulin monoglycylases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. · 2017
• Graded control of microtubule severing by tubulin glutamylation. Cell · 2016
• Mutations in Either TUBB or MAPRE2 Cause Circumferential Skin Creases Kunze Type. Am. J. Hum. Genet. · 2015
• N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome. Proteomics · 2015
• An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J. Proteomics · 2014
• cAMP-stimulated phosphorylation of diaphanous 1 regulates protein stability and interaction with binding partners in adrenocortical cells. Mol. Biol. Cell · 2013
• Mutations in the beta-tubulin gene TUBB5 cause microcephaly with structural brain abnormalities. Cell Rep. · 2012
• Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome. J. Proteome Res. · 2013
• Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst. Biol. · 2011
• Pitchfork regulates primary cilia disassembly and left-right asymmetry. Dev. Cell · 2010
• … and 9 more in the literature graph