Tubulin beta-4A chain

Function

Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.

Classification

Family (Pfam)

PF00091 Tubulin, PF03953 Tubulin_C

InterPro

Beta-tubulin_BS, Beta_tubulin, Tub_FtsZ_C, Tubulin, Tubulin/FtsZ-like_C, Tubulin/FtsZ_2-layer-sand-dom, Tubulin/FtsZ_GTPase_sf, Tubulin_C, Tubulin_CS, Tubulin_FtsZ_GTPase

Functional cluster

Tubulins & Mitochondrial Metabolic Enzymes

Gene Ontology · 23

• GO:0005930 axoneme
• GO:0097542 ciliary tip
• GO:0005929 cilium
• GO:0005737 cytoplasm
• GO:0005829 cytosol
• GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
• GO:0045171 intercellular bridge
• GO:0033269 internode region of axon
• GO:0005874 microtubule
• GO:0015630 microtubule cytoskeleton
• GO:0072686 mitotic spindle
• GO:0043209 myelin sheath
• GO:0043025 neuronal cell body
• GO:0005634 nucleus
• GO:0097229 sperm end piece
• GO:0097228 sperm principal piece
• GO:0005509 calcium ion binding
• GO:0005525 GTP binding
• GO:0003924 GTPase activity
• GO:0005200 structural constituent of cytoskeleton
• GO:0000226 microtubule cytoskeleton organization
• GO:0000278 mitotic cell cycle
• GO:0031115 negative regulation of microtubule polymerization

Disease associations

• torsion dystonia 4 MONDO:0007493
• hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 6 MONDO:0012905

Drugs targeting this protein · 36

• COLCHICINE inhibitor
• ANG1005 inhibitor
• PLINABULIN inhibitor
• CABAZITAXEL inhibitor
• IXABEPILONE inhibitor
• ERIBULIN MESYLATE inhibitor
• ABT-751 inhibitor
• DAVUNETIDE stabiliser
• CROLIBULIN inhibitor
• VINFLUNINE DITARTRATE inhibitor
• FOSBRETABULIN TROMETHAMINE disrupting agent
• MILATAXEL inhibitor
• VINFLUNINE inhibitor
• TASIDOTIN inhibitor
• SAGOPILONE stabiliser
• FOSBRETABULIN DISODIUM inhibitor
• DOCETAXEL inhibitor
• VINBLASTINE SULFATE inhibitor
• DOLASTATIN-10 inhibitor
• SOBLIDOTIN inhibitor
• LAROTAXEL stabiliser
• PACLITAXEL inhibitor
• BMS-275183 stabiliser
• KOS-1584 stabiliser
• T-900607 disrupting agent
• PACLITAXEL DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID stabiliser
• PLOCABULIN inhibitor
• VERUBULIN disrupting agent
• INDIBULIN inhibitor
• VINCRISTINE SULFATE inhibitor
• VINORELBINE TARTRATE inhibitor
• LEXIBULIN inhibitor
• OMBRABULIN inhibitor
• DOCETAXEL ANHYDROUS stabiliser
• PATUPILONE stabiliser
• EPOTHILONE D stabiliser

Related proteins · sequence + function similarity

• Tubulin beta-4A chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-4A chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-4B chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-4B chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-4B chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-4B chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-5 chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-7 chain 1.00
• Tubulin beta-5 chain 1.00

Co-cited proteins · studied together in the literature

• Low affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor 1 shared papers
• Tubulin alpha-1B chain 2 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-6 chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-1 chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-2A chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-4B chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-2B chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin beta 8B 2 shared papers
• Tubulin beta chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-3 chain 3 shared papers
• Tubulin beta-8 chain 2 shared papers
• Tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL7 1 shared papers

Literature · 12 cited papers

• Graded control of microtubule severing by tubulin glutamylation. Cell · 2016
• A de novo mutation in the beta-tubulin gene TUBB4A results in the leukoencephalopathy hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Am. J. Hum. Genet. · 2013
• Mutations in the autoregulatory domain of beta-tubulin 4a cause hereditary dystonia. Ann. Neurol. · 2013
• Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst. Biol. · 2011
• Tumoral and tissue-specific expression of the major human beta-tubulin isotypes. Cytoskeleton · 2010
• Evolutionary divergence of enzymatic mechanisms for posttranslational polyglycylation. Cell · 2009
• Microtubule regulation in mitosis: tubulin phosphorylation by the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. Mol. Biol. Cell · 2006
• Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries. DNA Res. · 2005
• The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. · 2004
• Proteomic characterization of the human centrosome by protein correlation profiling. Nature · 2003
• C-terminal fragments of alpha- and beta-tubulin form amyloid fibrils in vitro and associate with amyloid deposits of familial cerebral amyloid angiopathy, British type. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. · 1996
• Sequence of an expressed human beta-tubulin gene containing ten Alu family members. Nucleic Acids Res. · 1984