Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic

Function

Reduces disulfide protein thioredoxin (Trx) to its dithiol-containing form. Homodimeric flavoprotein involved in the regulation of cellular redox reactions, growth and differentiation. A selenocysteine residue at the C-terminal active site is essential for catalysis (Probable). Also has reductase activity on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Classification

Family (Pfam)

PF00462 Glutaredoxin, PF07992 Pyr_redox_2, PF02852 Pyr_redox_dim

InterPro

FAD/NAD-bd_sf, FAD/NAD-binding_dom, FAD/NAD-linked_Rdtase_dimer_sf, Glutaredoxin, GSHR/TRXR-like, Pyr_nucl-diS_OxRdtase_dimer, Pyr_OxRdtase_I_AS, Thioredoxin-like_sf, Thioredoxin/glutathione_Rdtase

Functional cluster

Oxidoreductases & Polyketide Synthases

Experimental structures · PDB · 8

• 2CFY X-ray 2.70A
• 2J3N X-ray 2.80A
• 2ZZ0 X-ray 2.80A
• 2ZZB X-ray 3.20A
• 2ZZC X-ray 2.60A
• 3QFA X-ray 2.20A
• 3QFB X-ray 2.60A
• 7X1R EM 3.90A

A predicted model is available from AlphaFold.

Gene Ontology · 11

• GO:0005737 cytoplasm
• GO:0005829 cytosol
• GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
• GO:0005739 mitochondrion
• GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
• GO:0071949 FAD binding
• GO:0042802 identical protein binding
• GO:0050137 NADPH peroxidase activity
• GO:0004791 thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity
• GO:0045454 cell redox homeostasis
• GO:0007165 signal transduction

Drugs targeting this protein · 1

• ARSENIC TRIOXIDE inhibitor

Related proteins · sequence + function similarity

• Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic 0.91
• Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic 0.90
• Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic 0.90
• Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic 0.90
• Thioredoxin reductase 3 0.89
• Thioredoxin reductase 3 0.88
• Thioredoxin reductase 1 0.86
• Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic 0.84
• Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial 0.84
• Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial 0.83
• Thioredoxin reductase SEP1 0.82
• Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial 0.82

Co-cited proteins · studied together in the literature

• Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic 1 shared papers
• Estrogen receptor beta 1 shared papers
• Destrin 1 shared papers
• E3 ISG15--protein ligase HERC5 1 shared papers
• Alpha-enolase 1 shared papers
• Estrogen receptor 1 shared papers
• Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 shared papers
• Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein 1 shared papers

Literature · 20 cited papers

• Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features. Mol. Cell. Proteomics · 2012
• Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst. Biol. · 2011
• Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci. Signal. · 2009
• Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal. Chem. · 2009
• Induction of cell membrane protrusions by the N-terminal glutaredoxin domain of a rare splice variant of human thioredoxin reductase 1. J. Biol. Chem. · 2008
• The structure of human thioredoxin reductase 1 provides insights into C-terminal rearrangements during catalysis. J. Mol. Biol. · 2007
• HERC5 is an IFN-induced HECT-type E3 protein ligase that mediates type I IFN-induced ISGylation of protein targets. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. · 2006
• The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12. Nature · 2006
• Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Nat. Biotechnol. · 2005
• The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. · 2004
• Alternative splicing involving the thioredoxin reductase module in mammals: a glutaredoxin-containing thioredoxin reductase 1. Biochemistry · 2004
• An alternative splicing variant of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase is a modulator of estrogen signaling. J. Biol. Chem. · 2004
• … and 8 more in the literature graph