Sterol O-acyltransferase 2

Function

Catalyzes the formation of fatty acid-cholesterol esters, which are less soluble in membranes than cholesterol. Plays a role in lipoprotein assembly and dietary cholesterol absorption. Utilizes oleoyl-CoA ((9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA) and linolenoyl-CoA ((9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA) as substrates. May provide cholesteryl esters for lipoprotein secretion from hepatocytes and intestinal mucosa.

Classification

Family (Pfam)

PF03062 MBOAT

InterPro

MBOAT_fam, Oat_ACAT_DAG_ARE, Sterol_acyltranf_meta

Functional cluster

Membrane Channels & Lipid-Anchored Proteins

Experimental structures · PDB · 2

• 7N6Q EM 3.87A
• 7N6R EM 3.93A

A predicted model is available from AlphaFold.

Gene Ontology · 16

• GO:0005903 brush border
• GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum
• GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
• GO:0016746 acyltransferase activity
• GO:0015485 cholesterol binding
• GO:0034736 cholesterol O-acyltransferase activity
• GO:0000062 fatty-acyl-CoA binding
• GO:0004772 sterol O-acyltransferase activity
• GO:0033344 cholesterol efflux
• GO:0042632 cholesterol homeostasis
• GO:0008203 cholesterol metabolic process
• GO:0030299 intestinal cholesterol absorption
• GO:0034383 low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
• GO:0010742 macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
• GO:0045797 positive regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption
• GO:0034379 very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly

Drugs targeting this protein · 1

• PACTIMIBE inhibitor

Related proteins · sequence + function similarity

• Sterol O-acyltransferase 2 0.99
• Sterol O-acyltransferase 2 0.98
• Sterol O-acyltransferase 2 0.98
• Delta(14)-sterol reductase TM7SF2 0.76
• Delta(14)-sterol reductase TM7SF2 0.76
• Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 0.76
• Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 0.74
• Transmembrane channel-like protein 6 0.73
• Protein-cysteine N-palmitoyltransferase HHAT 0.73
• Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 0.73
• Transmembrane channel-like protein 6 0.73
• Ceramide synthase 4 0.72

Co-cited proteins · studied together in the literature

• Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 2 shared papers
• Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 1 shared papers
• Sterol O-acyltransferase 2 2 shared papers
• Insulin-induced gene 1 protein 2 shared papers
• E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase AMFR 2 shared papers

Literature · 11 cited papers

• Corrigendum: Cholesterol and fatty acids regulate cysteine ubiquitylation of ACAT2 through competitive oxidation. Nat. Cell Biol. · 2017
• Cholesterol and fatty acids regulate cysteine ubiquitylation of ACAT2 through competitive oxidation. Nat. Cell Biol. · 2017
• A critical role for the histidine residues in the catalytic function of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase catalysis: evidence for catalytic difference between ACAT1 and ACAT2. FEBS Lett. · 2006
• The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12. Nature · 2006
• Two human ACAT2 mRNA variants produced by alternative splicing and coding for novel isoenzymes. Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. · 2005
• The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. · 2004
• Organization of human ACAT-2 gene and its cell-type-specific promoter activity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. · 2001
• Structure of the human acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2) gene and its relation to dyslipidemia. Biochim. Biophys. Acta · 2001
• Differential modulation of ACAT1 and ACAT2 transcription and activity by long chain free fatty acids in cultured cells. Biochemistry · 2001
• Immunological quantitation and localization of ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 in human liver and small intestine. J. Biol. Chem. · 2000
• Characterization of two human genes encoding acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-related enzymes. J. Biol. Chem. · 1998