Phospholipase A2 group V

UniProt P39877 Organism Homo sapiens Gene PLA2G5 EC 3.1.1.4

Also known as: PLA2G5

Function

Secretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets extracellular phospholipids. Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A2 activity), preferentially releasing fatty acyl groups with a low degree of unsaturation such as oleoyl (C18:1) and linoleoyl (C18:2) groups. Hydrolyzes low-density lipoprotein (LDL) phospholipids releasing unsaturated fatty acids that drive macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype (By similarity). May act in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Contributes to lipid remodeling of cellular membranes at different subcellular locations and generation of lipid mediators involved in pathogen clearance. Cleaves sn-2 fatty acyl chains of cardiolipin, a major component of the inner membrane of mitochondria and bacterial membranes. Promotes phagocytosis of bacteria in macrophages through production of lysophosphatidylethanolamines. Displays bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria by directly hydrolyzing phospholipids of the bacterial membrane. Promotes phagocytosis and killing of ingested fungi likely through controlling phagosome-lysosome fusion and phagosome maturation (By similarity). Plays a role in biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) in myeloid cells. In eosinophils, triggers perinuclear arachidonate release and LTC4 synthesis in a PLA2G4A-independent way. In neutrophils, amplifies CysLTs biosynthesis initiated by PLA2G4A. Promotes immune complex clearance in macrophages via stimulating synthesis of CysLTs, which act through CYSLTR1 to trigger phagocytosis (By similarity). May regulate antigen processing in antigen-presenting cells (By similarity). In pulmonary macrophages regulates IL33 production required for activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (By similarity). May play a role in the biosynthesis of N-acyl ethanolamines that regulate energy metabolism. Hydrolyzes N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines to N-acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamines, which are further cleaved by a lysophospholipase D to release N-acyl ethanolamines.

Classification

Family (Pfam): PF00068 Phospholip_A2_1
InterPro: PLA2, PLA2-like_dom, PLA2_Asp_AS, PLA2_histidine, PLipase_A2_dom_sf
Functional cluster: Venom Serine Proteases & Phospholipase A2

Gene Ontology · 27

Disease associations

familial benign flecked retina MONDO:0009235

Drugs targeting this protein · 1

VARESPLADIB METHYL inhibitor

Related proteins · sequence + function similarity

Co-cited proteins · studied together in the literature

85/88 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2 1 shared papers
Phospholipase A2, membrane associated 2 shared papers
Phospholipase A2 1 shared papers
Phospholipase A2 group V 1 shared papers
Phospholipase A2, membrane associated 1 shared papers
Group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 1 shared papers
Group IID secretory phospholipase A2 1 shared papers
Group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 1 shared papers

Literature · 11 cited papers

Group V secreted phospholipase A2 is upregulated by IL-4 in human macrophages and mediates phagocytosis via hydrolysis of ethanolamine phospholipids. J. Immunol. · 2015
Phospholipase A2 group v in benign familial fleck retina in a set of triplets. Retina · 2015
Assessing phospholipase A2 activity toward cardiolipin by mass spectrometry. PLoS ONE · 2013
Biallelic mutations in PLA2G5, encoding group V phospholipase A2, cause benign fleck retina. Am. J. Hum. Genet. · 2011
The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature · 2006
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. · 2004
Biosynthesis of anandamide and N-palmitoylethanolamine by sequential actions of phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipase D. Biochem. J. · 2004
Human group V phospholipase A2 induces group IVA phospholipase A2-independent cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis in human eosinophils. J. Biol. Chem. · 2003
Group V phospholipase A2 induces leukotriene biosynthesis in human neutrophils through the activation of group IVA phospholipase A2. J. Biol. Chem. · 2002
Bactericidal properties of human and murine groups I, II, V, X, and XII secreted phospholipases A(2). J. Biol. Chem. · 2002
Cloning and recombinant expression of a novel human low molecular weight Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipase A2. J. Biol. Chem. · 1994

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