Transcriptional repressor protein YY1

Function

Multifunctional transcription factor that exhibits positive and negative control on a large number of cellular and viral genes by binding to sites overlapping the transcription start site. Binds to the consensus sequence 5'-CCGCCATNTT-3'; some genes have been shown to contain a longer binding motif allowing enhanced binding; the initial CG dinucleotide can be methylated greatly reducing the binding affinity. The effect on transcription regulation is depending upon the context in which it binds and diverse mechanisms of action include direct activation or repression, indirect activation or repression via cofactor recruitment, or activation or repression by disruption of binding sites or conformational DNA changes. Its activity is regulated by transcription factors and cytoplasmic proteins that have been shown to abrogate or completely inhibit YY1-mediated activation or repression. For example, it acts as a repressor in absence of adenovirus E1A protein but as an activator in its presence. Acts synergistically with the SMAD1 and SMAD4 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated cardiac-specific gene expression. Binds to SMAD binding elements (SBEs) (5'-GTCT/AGAC-3') within BMP response element (BMPRE) of cardiac activating regions. May play an important role in development and differentiation. Proposed to recruit the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex to target genes that are transcriptional repressed. Involved in DNA repair. In vitro, binds to DNA recombination intermediate structures (Holliday junctions). Plays a role in regulating enhancer activation. Recruits the PR-DUB complex to specific gene-regulatory regions.

Classification

Family (Pfam)

PF00096 zf-C2H2

InterPro

YY1-like, Znf_C2H2_sf, Znf_C2H2_type

Functional cluster

RNA-Polymerase II Transcription Factors

Experimental structures · PDB · 3

• 1UBD X-ray 2.50A
• 1ZNM NMR
• 4C5I X-ray 2.59A

A predicted model is available from AlphaFold.

Gene Ontology · 54

• GO:0000785 chromatin
• GO:0005677 chromatin silencing complex
• GO:0001650 fibrillar center
• GO:0031011 Ino80 complex
• GO:0016604 nuclear body
• GO:0016363 nuclear matrix
• GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
• GO:0005634 nucleus
• GO:0031519 PcG protein complex
• GO:1990904 ribonucleoprotein complex
• GO:0005667 transcription regulator complex
• GO:0000987 cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
• GO:0003677 DNA binding
• GO:0001228 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
• GO:0000981 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
• GO:0140297 DNA-binding transcription factor binding
• GO:0001217 DNA-binding transcription repressor activity
• GO:0001227 DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
• GO:0000400 four-way junction DNA binding
• GO:0106222 lncRNA binding
• GO:1990841 promoter-specific chromatin binding
• GO:0003723 RNA binding
• GO:0000978 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
• GO:1990837 sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding
• GO:0046332 SMAD binding
• GO:0000976 transcription cis-regulatory region binding
• GO:0008270 zinc ion binding
• GO:0030183 B cell differentiation
• GO:0071347 cellular response to interleukin-1
• GO:0034644 cellular response to UV
• GO:0006338 chromatin remodeling
• GO:0006974 DNA damage response
• GO:0006351 DNA-templated transcription
• GO:0000724 double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
• GO:0071707 immunoglobulin heavy chain V-D-J recombination
• GO:0061052 negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development
• GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression
• GO:0032688 negative regulation of interferon-beta production
• GO:1902894 negative regulation of miRNA transcription
• GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
• GO:0045739 positive regulation of DNA repair
• GO:0045893 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
• GO:1904507 positive regulation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage
• GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
• GO:0051726 regulation of cell cycle
• GO:0033044 regulation of chromosome organization
• GO:0006275 regulation of DNA replication
• GO:0060382 regulation of DNA strand elongation
• GO:0045995 regulation of embryonic development
• GO:0006357 regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
• GO:0034696 response to prostaglandin F
• GO:0010225 response to UV-C
• GO:0007283 spermatogenesis
• GO:0000723 telomere maintenance

Disease associations

• Gabriele de Vries syndrome MONDO:0044738

Neighborhood · nearest proteins

Related proteins · sequence + function similarity

• Transcriptional repressor protein YY1 1.00
• Transcription factor YY2 0.83
• Longitudinals lacking protein, isoforms F/I/K/T 0.79
• Transcription factor YY2 0.79
• Transcription factor YY2 0.79
• Zinc finger X-chromosomal protein 0.78
• Zinc finger protein 143 0.77
• Zinc finger protein 143 0.77
• Zinc finger X-chromosomal protein 0.77
• Zinc finger protein 143 0.77
• Zinc finger protein 143 0.76
• Transcriptional repressor CTCF 0.76

Co-cited proteins · studied together in the literature

• Scm-like with four MBT domains protein 2 1 shared papers
• YY1-associated factor 2 1 shared papers
• Chromatin-remodeling ATPase INO80 4 shared papers
• Polycomb protein eed-B 1 shared papers
• Transcriptional repressor protein YY1 2 shared papers
• Zinc finger protein 599 1 shared papers
• Actin-related protein 5 3 shared papers
• Transcription factor GATA-5 1 shared papers
• Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase BAP1 1 shared papers
• BPI fold-containing family B member 6 1 shared papers
• E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM52 1 shared papers
• Nuclear factor related to kappa-B-binding protein 2 shared papers

Literature · 36 cited papers

• YY1 haploinsufficiency causes an intellectual disability syndrome featuring transcriptional and chromatin dysfunction. Am. J. Hum. Genet. · 2017
• Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. · 2017
• Neomorphic effects of recurrent somatic mutations in Yin Yang 1 in insulin-producing adenomas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. · 2015
• SUMO-2 orchestrates chromatin modifiers in response to DNA damage. Cell Rep. · 2015
• System-wide analysis of SUMOylation dynamics in response to replication stress reveals novel small ubiquitin-like modified target proteins and acceptor lysines relevant for genome stability. Mol. Cell. Proteomics · 2015
• Uncovering global SUMOylation signaling networks in a site-specific manner. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. · 2014
• Whole exome sequencing of insulinoma reveals recurrent T372R mutations in YY1. Nat. Commun. · 2013
• An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J. Proteomics · 2014
• Regulation of DU145 prostate cancer cell growth by Scm-like with four mbt domains 2. J. Biosci. · 2013
• Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome. J. Proteome Res. · 2013
• Phosphorylation of the transcription factor YY1 by CK2alpha prevents cleavage by caspase 7 during apoptosis. Mol. Cell. Biol. · 2012
• System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation. Sci. Signal. · 2011
• … and 24 more in the literature graph