Galectin-3

Function

Galactose-specific lectin which binds IgE. May mediate with the alpha-3, beta-1 integrin the stimulation by CSPG4 of endothelial cells migration. Together with DMBT1, required for terminal differentiation of columnar epithelial cells during early embryogenesis (By similarity). In the nucleus: acts as a pre-mRNA splicing factor. Involved in acute inflammatory responses including neutrophil activation and adhesion, chemoattraction of monocytes macrophages, opsonization of apoptotic neutrophils, and activation of mast cells. Together with TRIM16, coordinates the recognition of membrane damage with mobilization of the core autophagy regulators ATG16L1 and BECN1 in response to damaged endomembranes.

Classification

Family (Pfam)

PF00337 Gal-bind_lectin

InterPro

ConA-like_dom_sf, Galectin-like, Galectin_CRD

Functional cluster

RNA-Polymerase II Transcription Factors

Experimental structures · PDB · 141

• 1A3K X-ray 2.10A
• 1KJL X-ray 1.40A
• 1KJR X-ray 1.55A
• 2NMN X-ray 2.45A
• 2NMO X-ray 1.35A
• 2NN8 X-ray 1.35A
• 2XG3 X-ray 1.20A
• 3AYA X-ray 2.00A
• 3AYC X-ray 1.80A
• 3AYD X-ray 1.90A
• 3AYE X-ray 2.00A
• 3T1L X-ray 1.60A
• … and 129 more

A predicted model is available from AlphaFold.

Gene Ontology · 49

• GO:0009986 cell surface
• GO:0005737 cytoplasm
• GO:0005829 cytosol
• GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
• GO:0031012 extracellular matrix
• GO:0005576 extracellular region
• GO:0005615 extracellular space
• GO:0101003 ficolin-1-rich granule membrane
• GO:0001772 immunological synapse
• GO:0016020 membrane
• GO:0005743 mitochondrial inner membrane
• GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
• GO:0005634 nucleus
• GO:0005886 plasma membrane
• GO:0030667 secretory granule membrane
• GO:0005681 spliceosomal complex
• GO:0030246 carbohydrate binding
• GO:0042056 chemoattractant activity
• GO:0048030 disaccharide binding
• GO:0019863 IgE binding
• GO:0043236 laminin binding
• GO:0140693 molecular condensate scaffold activity
• GO:0019903 protein phosphatase binding
• GO:0004864 protein phosphatase inhibitor activity
• GO:0141069 receptor ligand inhibitor activity
• GO:0003723 RNA binding
• GO:0048245 eosinophil chemotaxis
• GO:0030855 epithelial cell differentiation
• GO:0045087 innate immune response
• GO:0048246 macrophage chemotaxis
• GO:0002548 monocyte chemotaxis
• GO:0071674 mononuclear cell migration
• GO:0006397 mRNA processing
• GO:0045806 negative regulation of endocytosis
• GO:2001237 negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
• GO:2000521 negative regulation of immunological synapse formation
• GO:0051134 negative regulation of NK T cell activation
• GO:2001189 negative regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
• GO:0050860 negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
• GO:0030593 neutrophil chemotaxis
• GO:0050918 positive chemotaxis
• GO:0090280 positive regulation of calcium ion import
• GO:0071677 positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration
• GO:1903078 positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
• GO:0031334 positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly
• GO:1902041 regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
• GO:0070232 regulation of T cell apoptotic process
• GO:0042129 regulation of T cell proliferation
• GO:0008380 RNA splicing

Drugs targeting this protein · 1

• OLITIGALTIN inhibitor

Related proteins · sequence + function similarity

• Galectin-3 0.98
• Galectin-3 0.98
• Galectin-3 0.98
• Galectin-3 0.97
• Galectin-3 0.95
• Galectin-4 0.76
• Galectin-4 0.76
• Galectin-4 0.74
• Galectin-4 0.73
• Galectin-9 0.72
• Galectin-4 0.71
• Galectin-9 0.71

Co-cited proteins · studied together in the literature

• Galectin-3 1 shared papers
• Tripartite motif-containing protein 16 1 shared papers
• Galectin-1 3 shared papers
• Galectin-16 1 shared papers
• Placental protein 13-like 1 shared papers
• T-cell differentiation antigen CD6 1 shared papers
• Galectin-10 1 shared papers
• Galactoside-binding soluble lectin 13 1 shared papers
• CD166 antigen 1 shared papers
• Galectin-3-binding protein 1 shared papers
• Nidogen-1 1 shared papers
• Integrin alpha-3 1 shared papers

Literature · 22 cited papers

• A Translocation Pathway for Vesicle-Mediated Unconventional Protein Secretion. Cell · 2020
• TRIMs and Galectins Globally Cooperate and TRIM16 and Galectin-3 Co-direct Autophagy in Endomembrane Damage Homeostasis. Dev. Cell · 2016
• N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome. Proteomics · 2015
• Modulation of CD6 function through interaction with galectin-1 and -3. FEBS Lett. · 2014
• Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome. J. Proteome Res. · 2013
• Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst. Biol. · 2011
• Dynamics of galectin-3 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Biochim. Biophys. Acta · 2010
• The regulation of inflammation by galectin-3. Immunol. Rev. · 2009
• A primate subfamily of galectins expressed at the maternal-fetal interface that promote immune cell death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. · 2009
• The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. · 2004
• NG2 proteoglycan promotes endothelial cell motility and angiogenesis via engagement of galectin-3 and alpha3beta1 integrin. Mol. Biol. Cell · 2004
• Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat. Genet. · 2004
• … and 10 more in the literature graph