Tyrosinase

Function

This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the initial and rate limiting step in the cascade of reactions leading to melanin production from tyrosine (By similarity). In addition to hydroxylating tyrosine to DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), also catalyzes the oxidation of DOPA to DOPA-quinone, and possibly the oxidation of DHI (5,6-dihydroxyindole) to indole-5,6 quinone.

Classification

Family (Pfam)

PF00264 Tyrosinase

InterPro

Di-copper_centre_dom_sf, Tyrosinase/Hemocyanin, Tyrosinase_Cu-bd

Functional cluster

Core Ribosomal Proteins (L2/L14/L16)

Experimental structures · PDB · 1

• 7RK7 X-ray 2.54A

A predicted model is available from AlphaFold.

Gene Ontology · 19

• GO:0005737 cytoplasm
• GO:0005798 Golgi-associated vesicle
• GO:0005764 lysosome
• GO:0042470 melanosome
• GO:0033162 melanosome membrane
• GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm
• GO:0005507 copper ion binding
• GO:0042802 identical protein binding
• GO:0042803 protein homodimerization activity
• GO:0004503 tyrosinase activity
• GO:0006726 eye pigment biosynthetic process
• GO:0042438 melanin biosynthetic process
• GO:0006583 melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine
• GO:0043473 pigmentation
• GO:0009637 response to blue light
• GO:0051591 response to cAMP
• GO:0009411 response to UV
• GO:0033280 response to vitamin D
• GO:0007601 visual perception

Disease associations

• oculocutaneous albinism type 1A MONDO:0008745
• OMIM:601800 RAW:OMIM_601800
• oculocutaneous albinism type 1B MONDO:0011749

Drugs targeting this protein · 3

• MONOBENZONE inhibitor
• ARBUTIN inhibitor
• MEQUINOL inhibitor

Related proteins · sequence + function similarity

• Tyrosinase 1.00
• Tyrosinase 0.99
• Tyrosinase 0.99
• Tyrosinase 0.99
• Tyrosinase 0.98
• Tyrosinase 0.96
• Tyrosinase 0.93
• Tyrosinase 0.90
• Tyrosinase 0.89
• Tyrosinase 0.83
• Tyrosinase 0.83
• 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase 0.83

Co-cited proteins · studied together in the literature

• Tyrosinase 1 shared papers
• 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase 3 shared papers
• P protein 4 shared papers
• Membrane-associated transporter protein 2 shared papers
• Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 5 1 shared papers
• Neurotrophic factor BDNF precursor form 1 shared papers
• BLOC-3 complex member HPS1 1 shared papers
• L-dopachrome tautomerase 2 shared papers
• G protein-coupled receptor 143 2 shared papers
• Adenosine receptor A3 1 shared papers
• Opsin-3 1 shared papers
• Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor 1 shared papers

Literature · 43 cited papers

• Melanocytes Sense Blue Light and Regulate Pigmentation through Opsin-3. J. Invest. Dermatol. · 2018
• Structure of Human Tyrosinase Related Protein1 Reveals a Binuclear Zinc Active Site Important for Melanogenesis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. · 2017
• Identification of a novel mutation (p.Ile198Thr) in gene TYR in a Pakistani family with nonsyndromic oculocutaneous albinism. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. · 2014
• DNA variations in oculocutaneous albinism: an updated mutation list and current outstanding issues in molecular diagnostics. Hum. Mutat. · 2013
• A population-based study of autosomal-recessive disease-causing mutations in a founder population. Am. J. Hum. Genet. · 2012
• A genomewide association study of skin pigmentation in a South Asian population. Am. J. Hum. Genet. · 2007
• Genetic determinants of hair, eye and skin pigmentation in Europeans. Nat. Genet. · 2007
• Proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of the biogenesis and function of melanosomes. J. Proteome Res. · 2006
• The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. · 2004
• Detection of 53 novel DNA variations within the tyrosinase gene and accumulation of mutations in 17 patients with albinism. Hum. Mutat. · 2004
• Proteomic analysis of early melanosomes: identification of novel melanosomal proteins. J. Proteome Res. · 2003
• A novel mutation of the tyrosinase gene causing oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1). J. Dermatol. Sci. · 2002
• … and 31 more in the literature graph