Homeobox protein MSX-1

UniProt P13297 Organism Mus musculus Gene Hox7, Hox7.1, Msx1

Also known as: Hox7, Hox7.1, Msx1

Function

Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Capable of transcription autoinactivation. Binds to the consensus sequence 5'-C/GTAAT-3' in downstream activin regulatory elements (DARE) in the gene promoter, thereby repressing the transcription of CGA/alpha-GSU and GNRHR. Represses transcription of myoblast differentiation factors. Binds to core enhancer regions in target gene promoters of myoblast differentiation factors with binding specificity facilitated by interaction with PIAS1. Regulates, in a stage-specific manner, a developmental program of gene expression in the fetal tooth bud that controls odontoblast differentiation and proliferation of dental mesenchymal cells. At the bud stage, required for mesenchymal molar tooth bud development via facilitating reciprocal signaling between dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells. May also regulate expression of Wnt antagonists such as DKK2 and SFPR2 in the developing tooth mesenchyme. Required for BMP4 expression in dental mesenchyme cells. Also, in response to BMP4, required for BMP4 expression in neighboring dental epithelial cells. Required for maximal FGF4-induced expression of SDC1 in dental mesenchyme cells. Also in response to SDC1, required for SDC1 expression in neighboring dental epithelial cells. At the early bell stage, acts to drive proliferation of dental mesenchyme cells, however during the late bell stage acts as a homeostatic regulator of the cell cycle. Regulates proliferation and inhibits premature mesenchymal odontogenesis during the bell stage via inhibition of the Wnt signaling component CTNNB1 and subsequent repression of the odontoblast differentiation factors BMP2, BMP4, LEF1, ALPL and BGLAP/OCN. Additionally, required for correct development and fusion of the palatal shelves and embryonic mandibular formation. Plays a role in embryonic bone formation of the middle ear, skull and nasal bones. Required for correct formation and thickness of the nail plate. May play a role in limb-pattern formation.

Classification

Family (Pfam): PF00046 Homeodomain
InterPro: HD, HD_metazoa, Homeobox_CS, Homeodomain-like_sf, Msh_Homeobox_Regulators
Functional cluster: Homeobox & Zinc-Finger Transcription Factors

Experimental structures · PDB · 1

1IG7 X-ray 2.20A

A predicted model is available from AlphaFold.

Gene Ontology · 65

Neighborhood · nearest proteins

Nearest neighbours of Homeobox protein MSX-1: 3 by sequence/function similarity (left); 3 co-cited in the literature (right).

Related proteins · sequence + function similarity

Co-cited proteins · studied together in the literature

Homeobox protein MSX-2 3 shared papers
Homeobox protein MSX-1 2 shared papers
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT1 2 shared papers
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT2 2 shared papers
Homeobox protein MSX-3 2 shared papers
Fibroblast growth factor 4 1 shared papers
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 4 shared papers
Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 3 shared papers
Syndecan-1 1 shared papers
Lutropin subunit beta 1 shared papers
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 shared papers
Follitropin subunit beta 1 shared papers

Literature · 21 cited papers

PMID 37405986 PLoS ONE · 2023
Homeobox protein MSX-1 inhibits expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 via Wnt/beta-catenin signaling to prevent differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells during the late bell stage. Eur. J. Oral Sci. · 2018
Bmp4-Msx1 signaling and Osr2 control tooth organogenesis through antagonistic regulation of secreted Wnt antagonists. Dev. Biol. · 2016
Msx1 regulates proliferation and differentiation of mouse dental mesenchymal cells in culture. Eur. J. Oral Sci. · 2013
Msx1 homeodomain protein represses the alphaGSU and GnRH receptor genes during gonadotrope development. Mol. Endocrinol. · 2013
The MSX1 homeoprotein recruits G9a methyltransferase to repressed target genes in myoblast cells. PLoS ONE · 2012
Lineage-specific biology revealed by a finished genome assembly of the mouse. PLoS Biol. · 2009
Modification of Msx1 by SUMO-1. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. · 2006
PIAS1 confers DNA-binding specificity on the Msx1 homeoprotein. Genes Dev. · 2006
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. · 2004
Crystal structure of the Msx-1 homeodomain/DNA complex. Biochemistry · 2001
A nonsense mutation in MSX1 causes Witkop syndrome. Am. J. Hum. Genet. · 2001
… and 9 more in the literature graph

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